Authors
Michael Lawler (CIRES,NOAA/CSL), Daniel Murphy (NOAA/CSL), Gregory Schill (NOAA/CSL), Maya Abou-Ghanem (NOAA/CSL,Tofwerk)

Abstract

When satellites and rocket stages re-enter the atmosphere, they are heated and undergo ablation. Ablated metals ultimately are incorporated into stratospheric sulfuric acid particles. We sampled the composition of about 50,000 individual particles that were formed in descending polar vortex air in the lower stratosphere over Alaska in March 2023, as part of the NOAA SABRE mission. We analyzed their metal content using in situ single particle mass spectrometry (NOAA PALMS-NG instrument). It was possible in many cases to isolate the spacecraft- and meteor-derived contributions of a given metal. Comparisons with independent estimations of meteoric and spacecraft generally show good agreement, indicating that such measurements can constrain material inputs from space waste into the atmosphere. The measured distributions of metals illuminate the processes that control stratospheric aerosol formation and properties.