Authors
Jake J. Gristey (CIRES,NOAA/CSL,LASP), Graham Feingold (NOAA/CSL), Wayne M. Angevine (CIRES,NOAA/CSL), Yao-Sheng Chen (CIRES,NOAA/CSL)
Abstract
Shallow cumulus clouds are ubiquitous over continental land masses in summertime. They impart
complex patterns of solar radiative heating on the surface below. These patterns are dominated by
cloud shadows, which drive spatial variability in the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes via the
surface energy balance. This, in-turn, generates spatial variability in atmospheric buoyancy that has
been suggested to modulate future cloud evolution. Despite the coupling between the land surface and clouds, it is commonplace to model continental shallow cumulus clouds with large eddy simulation
(LES) using spatially-uniform prescribed surface heat fluxes. In this presentation we will show new
LES results of shallow cumulus clouds in the Southern Great Plains that are run with an interactive
land surface model (LSM). The LSM is coupled to a 1D radiation scheme and therefore provides
dynamic, heterogeneous surface heat fluxes that correspond to the evolving 1D surface solar radiative
heating pattern. We find that these spatially-variable surface fluxes have limited impact on the
evolution of the cloud field for a typical case study, relative to assuming spatially-uniform surface
fluxes. Furthermore, we find no evidence of systematic differences in key radiatively-relevant cloud
field properties when applying spatially-variable fluxes across 14 simulated cases. We therefore
conclude that the heterogeneity of surface fluxes due to 1D cloud shading alone is insufficient to
influence cloud evolution in such environments. This finding suggests that recently reported large
responses in cloud evolution when invoking 3D radiation could be a unique response to 3D radiative
effects. The new LES configuration developed in this study permits coupling with 3D radiation in the
future to further explore the mechanisms at play.