Extensive measurements of the 13C-to-12C ratio of atmospheric CH4 (expressed as d13C-CH4) have helped to quantify the role of different sources in the ongoing and rapid increase in atmospheric CH4 abundance. However, incomplete understandings of the spatiotemporal variability in the d13C-CH4 of major CH4 source types and atmospheric sink characteristics both add considerable uncertainty to interpretations of d13C-CH4. The D-to-H ratio in atmospheric CH4 (dD-CH4) is uniquely sensitive to aspects of the CH4 budget, but it’s measurement has received significantly less attention. Although several laboratories now make routine measurements of atmospheric dD-CH4, these data have seldom been used to improve constraints on the global CH4 budget. Here, we examine two global, high-resolution datasets of dD-CH4: One measured by the INSTAAR Stable Isotope Laboratory from 2005 to 2009 using air samples collected within NOAA’s Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network, and the other measured by the Max Planck Institute from 2011 to present. With these data, we observe robust latitudinal, seasonal, and interannual variability in dD-CH4. Specifically, we observe a ~10 permil latitudinal gradient during NH summer that increases to 18 permil during NH winter, reflecting a combination of seasonal variability in the regional strength of microbial emissions and the OH sink. Using an atmospheric one-box model framework, we find that the most recent top-down estimates of the CH4 budget are consistent with the observed negative trend in dD-CH4 beginning in 2010.