Authors
Cibele Amaral (CIRES), Erick Verleye (CIRES), Frank Seidl (CIRES), Jeniffer Balch (CIRES), Temilola Fatoyinbo (NASA), Rodrigo Leite (NASA), Chelsea Nagy (CIRES), Benjamin Poulter (NASA), Ty Tuff (CIRES)
Abstract
New space-borne sensors such as laser scanners and imaging spectrometers will allow researchers to understand the relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem response, and extreme weather events (EWE) at macroscales. To accelerate cutting-edge remote-sensing-based studies on ecosystem resistance and resilience (a.k.a. ecosystem stability) and decision-making on adaptive management, we are developing the Bioextremes open-source tool. Our Python tool allows users to download and extract metrics from large amounts of remote-sensed and reanalysis datasets, as well as to analyze the relationships between historical EWE and vegetation structural and functional metrics from landscape to global scales. The tool admits varying climate variables and extremeness thresholds and is transferable across ecosystems. At CIRES Rendezvous 2024, we will present a pilot study of the Bahamas mangroves, which have been historically affected by droughts and hurricanes. Using NCAR Research Data Archive API, we downloaded 0.25-degree-resolution ERA-5 climate datasets from the â70s to the present. We then calculated the normals and extreme weather dimension metrics of rainfall (mean total precipitation rate) and wind speed (10m wind gust), such as intensity (1), duration (2), frequency (3), and time since the last event (4). We also developed an efficient tool to download pieces of NASAâs Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) orbit data from NASA Earth Data that correspond to our areas of interest only, as well as subset the metadata and integrate metrics of interest for each 25-m-resolution footprint. Here, we worked with GEDI laser scanner products that correspond to forest height (RH98) and vertical profile metrics such as Plant Area Index (PAI) and Foliage Height Diversity (FHD). Quantile regressions were implemented to understand the effect of EWE metrics on vegetation structural metrics per percentile. The next steps of our open-source software development are: to advance the integration of different EWE metrics over time (1), expand the analysis to mangroves worldwide (2), and extract ecosystem functional metrics, such as richness, evenness, and divergence, from 30-m-resolution DESIS imaging spectroscopy over focal areas (3). We hope that the CIRES/ Earth Labâs Bioextremes tool supports the advancement of the EWE-vegetation stability knowledge across various ecosystems and extreme weather pressures, which is critical for adapting to climate change and protecting global biodiversity.