Authors
Daniel Gittins (CIRES), Kathryn Materna (CIRES), Roger Bilham (CIRES)
Abstract
Shallow aseismic fault creep has been observed for over half a century (Steinbrugge et al., 1960). It has been known to occur as steady, continuous creep, as episodic events, as earthquake afterslip or as triggered slip caused by earthquakes.
A closer examination of aseismic slip recorded on creepmeters suggests this classification is incomplete. Here, we introduce a new taxonomy for shallow aseismic slip based on over 40 years of creepmeter data from seventy-three locations on creeping faults in California, Utah, Turkiye, Pakistan and Israel. We identify six major forms of creep: steady creep, episodic creep events, afterslip, triggered slip, months-long creep surges, and creeplets (slip <= 100 um). The last two have not been previously recognized, as they are often difficult to distinguish from environmental noise or instrumental artefacts. Creep events and creeplets can form sequences of closely spaced events. Additionally, different modes of creep may occur simultaneously. For example, afterslip can coincide with creeplets and smaller creep events which combine to accommodate overall fault motion.
Using these formalized definitions, we have catalogued over 6,000 aseismic slip transients. In this global dataset of predominantly sub-centimeter amplitude transients, we identify more than 4,500 creep events, over 1000 creeplets, and over 150 months-long creep surges. From this catalogue, we determine that episodic creep events have a median duration of 2.7 days and a median slip amplitude of 0.47 mm, creeplets last a median of 13 hours with a median slip of 58 um, and creep surges persist for a median of 1.5 months with a median slip of 1.65 mm.