Authors
Margaret Scholer (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder), Greg Michalski (Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University), Lisa Welp (Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University), Brett Davidheiser-Kroll (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc), Lillian Ring (University of South Florida Tampa), Cole Persch (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder), Jianghanyang Li (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder)
Abstract
The variations in nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of nitrate (δ15N and δ18O) are critical for
identifying and quantifying nitrogen sources and their associated chemistry in the environment.
Current techniques for nitrate isotope analysis, such as bacterial denitrification or Cd-azide
reduction, require elongated procedures and careful handling of bacteria and toxic material. A
recent study demonstrated that nitrate can be converted to N2O for isotopic analysis using a simple
one-step chemical reduction with titanium (III) chloride. However, challenges remain in accurately
quantifying δ18O due to its strong matrix effects. Moreover, both δ15N and δ18O values vary with
the concentration of titanium used in the reduction solution. Here, we present an improved
methodology for the Ti(III) reduction that employs the addition of potassium iodide to reduce the
influence of solution matrix components on δ18O and identifies different optimized compositions
for the reduction solution for a range of sample nitrate concentrations that minimize variation in
both δ15N and δ18O due to matrix effects and dependence on TiCl3 concentration. Results from our
new methodology yield uncertainties of ± 0.2Ⱐfor δ15N and ±1.0Ⱐfor δ18O, even in samples
containing up to 1 mol/L chloride, demonstrating that this approach can be applied to complex
environmental samples. Compared to other methods, the one-step chemical conversion of nitrate
to N2O is faster, lower-cost, and easier to scale for routine measurements. Together, these
improvements enhance the accessibility of high-precision nitrate isotope analysis and support
broader applications in oceanography, hydrology, and atmospheric science.